Both of these concepts, equality of results, and equality of opportunity, have no natural grounds as these are Law enforced concepts. As with any laws, values are not enforced on the behaviour of people by authority.
Lets look at both these cases:
Equality of Results:
One apt contemporary example is feminism. A dictionary meaning speaks of equal rights however, instead of competing with men they are asking for privileges which give them an advantage in hiring. Women dont want to compete in hard labor or highly intellectual positons but rather manageral or high powered positons which requries little to no skill. As a result one can see corporations and governments started practices which led to dire consequences. Poor working ethics/standards, reservations for women in public/private sectors, unfair property division of men etc. Consequently men are choosing to avoid jobs, legal bindings with women, which is leading for the economic and family collapse in those countries. A gigantic collapse of families and economies will eventually restore the natural order. Do we need such a swing to extremes leading to this enormous destruction? Or can we recognize the pattern before us and avoid the catastrophe?
Equality of Opportunity:
Is it necessary to have this? Given this is mainly enforced by law we see numerous cases in political, legal and private/public institutions where a group of families or a given race has influence decade after decade over institutions like educational, financial, etc. For instance the the upper castes enjoy predominant positions in premier institutions, administrative and executive offices in India, feminism in western culture where predominantly favors women, Jews in finance, corporate and media sectors in United States, etc are some of the prime examples. However, its hard to prove this as they hide behind these Law enforcing authorities so what is the real reason why we have such a law?
In most cases this law applies to low end worker bees. And the reason why business practices such as equal opportunity exist is that if there is an individual of different nature,based on gender or ethnic, with superior skill who was not given opportunity then they might go and change the world which could be detrimental to their business arrangements. It is always the individual that changes the world, whether it’s philosophy, science, art, technology or other verticals. It is in this fear that businesses practice equal opportunity to individual ability. However, subgroups up the hierarchy within the same organization do not practice equal opportunity, but rather go with how well they are connected with the person, mostly by race, who is providing the opportunity.
So I would argue that we do not need a law to achieve equal opportunity either. Given enough time we will achieve this because of the simple value of business and trade improvement. And if we do not achieve then that is much more natural as how humans are than being superficially convincing ourselves by these laws as ethical beings.
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